Occurrence and Diversity of Marine Yeasts in Antarctica Environments     

ZHANG Xue  HUA Mingxia  SONG Chunli  CHI Zhenming 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,(1):70-74

  相似文献   

流沙湾贝类资源调查   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢恩义  陈秀丽  朱小江  申玉春  叶宁  吴灶和 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(3):39-46

对流沙湾潮间带及湾内浅水地带(20°22'103″～20°28'526″N,109°55'341″～109°59'185″E)的贝类资源进行周年调查,定性、定量分析该海湾贝类种类、生态分布、区系性质、群落结构及生物量的季节变化规律。结果表明:在流沙湾采集到的贝类有3纲7亚纲13目42科79属104种,其中帘蛤科24种,牡蛎科、贻贝科各6种,汇螺科和蜒螺科各5种,其他各科均小于5种;贝类组成表现出温带性质,温带种类占绝对优势,该海湾贝类区系属印度—西太平洋的中国-日本亚区,生物量的季节变化明显。  相似文献   

浙江沿岸的贝类资源及其增养殖   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

尤仲杰  徐善良  谢起浪 《海洋学研究》2000,18(1):50-56

综述了浙江沿岸的贝类资源和增养殖的概况 ,现已报道的贝类有 61 4种 ,其中主要经济种类有 68种 ,目前已进行生产性养殖的有 1 5种 ,主要有泥蚶、缢蛏、长牡蛎、僧帽牡蛎、贻贝、泥螺、文蛤、青蛤等。 1 997年全省海水养殖贝类产量达 35.2 5× 1 0 4 t,养殖面积为 4.38×1 0 4 km2。指出了贝类增养殖中存在的问题 ,并提出了改进的对策和措施。  相似文献   

渤海近岸海域石油类污染变化趋势   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

刘亮 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(1):88-93

利用渤海海域多年来的环境监测数据,采用趋势变化图和Mann-Kendall统计检验法分析渤海近岸和各主要海湾河口海水、沉积物和贝类中石油类污染的变化趋势,并初步分析污染的来源。结果显示:沉积物和贝类中石油类的含量和超标率多年来呈现明显的上升趋势,海水变化则不够明显。由于石油类不易滞留于水相中,却倾向与沉积物结合或者富集于生物体内,因此沉积物和生物稳定地指示了海洋环境中石油类污染的变化情况。各主要海湾河口Mann-Kendall趋势统计结果显示:辽东湾、渤海湾、黄河口、莱州湾和大连近岸沉积物中石油类均呈现显著上升或者上升的变化趋势。渤海石油输入来源分析表明,陆源排污尤其是河流仍然是海洋中石油类最直接和最主要的来源,应该实现陆海统筹,实行总量控制。另外渔船排放石油类的量近年来增长较快,由于渔船属于线源排放,其污染面广,治理和清淤难度较大,因此也需要引起有关部门重视。  相似文献   

贝藻类养殖碳汇核算与综合温室潜力评估研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

叶旺旺  张麋鸣  孙恒  高众勇  张介霞  李玉红  颜金培  徐长安  赵淑惠  吴曼  许苏清  詹力扬 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(4):715-723

海水养殖可能是实现我国碳中和目标的有效途径之一。贝、藻类养殖是海水养殖的主要组成部分,可以通过碳移除（从海水中收获）、碳固定（形成贝壳）等方式成为有效的碳汇。因此,中国作为海水养殖大国,具有较大的碳汇潜力。然而,目前关于贝、藻类养殖过程中碳汇的计算、评估、监测等还没有统一的标准,对于其碳汇边界的定义（如储藏年限、周转周期等）也不清晰。本文阐述了典型贝、藻类养殖碳汇的潜力,认为碳汇的计算不仅仅要考虑储存碳,还要考虑养殖过程中由于呼吸等过程排放的碳;提出了贝、藻类养殖碳汇测算过程中存在的问题,认为目前常用的称重法等无法准确反应养殖系统的碳汇潜力;建议在未来养殖碳汇测算中首先明确碳汇边界问题（如使用长、短周期碳汇的概念）。最后,本文讨论了贝、藻类养殖生态系统综合温室效应评估的必要性,建议在碳汇核算过程中同时考虑非二氧化碳温室气体（如甲烷、氧化亚氮）的作用。  相似文献   

Artificial reef effect and fouling impacts on offshore wave power foundations and buoys – a pilot study     

Olivia Langhamer  Dan Wilhelmsson  Jens Engström 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Little is known about the effects of offshore energy installations on the marine environment, and further research could assist in minimizing environmental risks as well as in enhancing potential positive effects on the marine environment. While biofouling on marine energy conversion devices on one hand has the potential to be an engineering concern, these structures can also affect biodiversity by functioning as artificial reefs. The Lysekil Project is a test park for wave power located at the Swedish west coast. Here, buoys acting as point absorbers on the surface are connected to generators anchored on concrete foundations on the seabed. In this study we investigated the colonisation of foundations by invertebrates and fish, as well as fouling assemblages on buoys. We examined the influence of surface orientation of the wave power foundations on epibenthic colonisation, and made observations of habitat use by fish and crustaceans during three years of submergence. We also examined fouling assemblages on buoys and calculated the effects of biofouling on the energy absorption of the wave power buoys. On foundations we demonstrated a succession in colonisation over time with a higher degree of coverage on vertical surfaces. Buoys were dominated by the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Calculations indicated that biofouling have no significant effect in the energy absorption on a buoy working as a point absorber. This study is the first structured investigation on marine organisms associated with wave power devices.  相似文献   

Acoustic habitat and shellfish mapping and monitoring in shallow coastal water – Sidescan sonar experiences in The Netherlands     

Ronnie van Overmeeren  Johan Craeymeersch  Jan van Dalfsen  Frouke Fey  Sytze van Heteren  Erik Meesters 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Sidescan sonar has been applied in a number of shallow water environments along the Dutch coast to map and monitor shellfish and seabed habitats. The littoral setting of these surveys may hamper data acquisition flying the towfish in zones of turbulence and waves, but also offers valuable opportunities for understanding, interpreting and validating sidescan sonar images because of the ability to ground-truth during low water periods, enabling easy identification and validation. Acoustical images of some of the mussel banks on the tidal flats of the Wadden Sea, recorded at high tide, show a marked resemblance with optical Google Earth images of the same banks. These sonar images may thus serve as ‘acoustic type signatures’ for the interpretation of sonar patterns recorded in deeper water where ground-truthing is more difficult and more expensive. Similarly, acoustic type signatures of (Japanese) oyster banks were obtained in the estuaries in the southwest of the Netherlands.  相似文献   

Occurrence and Diversity of Pichia spp. in Marine Environments     

LI Jing  CHI Zhenming  WANG Xianghong  WANG Lin  SHENG Jun  GONG Fang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(3)

A total of 328 yeast strains from seawater, sediments, mud of saltems, the guts of marine fish and marine algae were obtained. The results of routine identification and molecular methods show that five yeast strains obtained in this study belonged to Pichia spp., including Pichia guilliermondii luv-small, Pichia ohmeri YF04d, Pichiafermentans YF12b, Pichia burtonii YF11A and Pichia anomala YF07b. Further studies revealed that Pichia anomala YF07b could produce killer toxin against pathogenic yeasts in crabs while Pichia guilliermondii luv-small could produce high activity of extracellular inulinase. It is advisable to test if Pichia ohmeri YF04d obtained in this study is related to central-venous-catheter-associated infection.  相似文献   

Effect of human activity on Lake Saroma (Japan) during the past 150 years: Evidence by variation of diatom assemblages     

Kota Katsuki  Koji Seto  Ritsuo Nomura  Kimihiko Maekawa  Boo-Keun Khim 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Diatom assemblages of the surface and in core sediment samples from Lake Saroma (Japan) were examined for the purpose of evaluating anthropogenic effect on the coastal environmental changes. Before the first inlet excavation, the lake's water quality and ecology were controlled by water exchange with the Okhotsk Sea as well as lake-level variation. However, large-scale ecological modification occurred, mainly due to artificial excavation and shellfish industrial farms. A distinct record of the succession of the dominant diatom taxa was preserved in core sediments. Low-oxygen water was prevalent in the lake in 1929, before the first inlet excavation. Immediately after the first inlet excavation, the low-oxygen water in the western basin of the lake began to disappear, in a trend that became increasing transparent, which has been attributed to an increasing rate of water exchange. However, the lacustrine environment of bottom sediments resumes deterioration 20 years after since the first artificial excavation: the resultant deposition of river-mouth materials into the deep basin caused eutrophication and environmental disturbance of the lake bottom. At the same time, the eutrophication of surface water became intensified with the onset of intense scallop culturing beginning in 1966. Increasing organic loads deposited onto the bottom layer in the form of excreta from the scallop nursery led to more oxygen deficiency and the elution of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sediment, which again brought about eutrophication of the surface layer. Such environmental change was reflected in a decrease of benthic diatom taxa and an increase of planktonic taxa, trends which have continued until today. Particularly, the numbers of diatom assemblage have been decreasing all over the lake during the last 10 years, which suggests that Lake Saroma's present-day deterioration and eutrophication will continue or become even worse.  相似文献   

海洋酵母菌胞外酶及其基因的最新研究进展   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

池振明  龚方  李静  王祥红 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(5)

综述海洋酵母菌所产多种胞外酶的生产、纯酶性质及基因克隆工作的最新研究进展.从实验室建立的500多株海洋酵母菌种资源库中筛选出了数十株可以产生多种不同活性胞外酶的海洋酵母菌,它们分别属于耶鲁维亚酵母菌(Yarrowia)、类酵母(Aureobasidium)、毕赤氏酵母菌(Pichia)、梅奇酵母菌(Metschnikowia)和隐球酵母菌(Cryptococcus)等不同种属.所产生的胞外酶主要包括纤维素酶、碱性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、淀粉酶(包括生淀粉酶)、菊糖酶、脂酶、植酸酶和嗜杀因子等.深入进行了各种胞外酶的生产,纯化及纯酶的性质研究,并对部分菌株的胞外酶基因进行了克隆、测序和表达,这些研究有助于对海洋酵母胞外酶的理论研究和生产应用价值的了解和对于海洋酵母菌资源、生理和遗传的进一步深入研究.  相似文献